No one in the 20th century was responsible for more deaths than Mao Zedong (1893-1976), chairman of the Chinese Communist Party; not Lenin, Stalin or even Hitler. The sheer size of China meant that Mao’s vicious, carefully premeditated policies led to more death, starvation, suffering and bloodshed than the work of anyone else in history’s most cataclysmic century. We need to understand him for that reason but also because, with China poised to outstrip the United States in gross domestic product in the next decade or so, it is incumbent on us to get a sense of China’s modern founder.