The army action marks a huge shift in India’s posture towards Pakistan and can rightfully be called the Modi doctrine of “strategic action” below the threshold of outright war. This strategy is intended to make Pakistan pay a price for trying to bleed India with “a thousand cuts” using terrorist organisations like the Lashkar-e-Toiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed. More importantly, it signals the abandonment of the earlier policy, whose hallmark was pusillanimity and fear of nuclear escalation.